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What is translation
To understand translation in an immediately accessible form, one might start with George Steiner’s statement from his study of translation After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation: “All acts of communication are acts of translation.” According to George Stainer, translation is not an isolated phenomenon, but rather a basic anthropological activity implicit in every act of our communication. (Steiner 1975/1992: xii; cf. also 49). In an extended sense, one can say that we are all constantly engaged in some form of a translation process. Our speech, our perceptions, our ideas, and our interpretations are all products of a complex translation dynamic. There is hardly any daily activity that is not involved in some form of translation. One can say that we are all constantly engaged in some form of a translation process. Our speech, our perceptions, our ideas, and our interpretations are all products of a complex translation dynamic. (Steiner, Dec., 1975)
” Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text.[1] The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between translating (a written text) and interpreting (oral or signed communication between users of different languages); under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community. “
Etymology
A definition of the Term
Following Reference Christensen (2002, p. 2), the word theory in English has a visual origin and is said to come from the Greek theoria (‘seeing’ or ‘observing’) and theoros (‘spectator’). According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED, n.d.), the term was first used in English in the late sixteenth century as ‘a mental scheme of something to be done’. The English word translation comes from the Latin “translatio” which comes from trans, “across” and ferre, “to carry” or “to bring”. Thus, translatio is “a carrying across” or “a bringing across”— in this case of a text from one language to another.
The Latin root of the term is shared by many European languages, but there are subtle differences in meaning. The French (“traduction”), Spanish (“traducción”) and Italian (“traduzione”) terms for this word all come from the Latin word “transducere”. “Trans” in the English word “translation” means “across”, and “ducere”, to “carry across” as in English, these Romance languages imply a need to take the lead across language barriers rather than simply carrying meaning when translating. Some Slavic languages and the Germanic languages have calqued their words for the concept of “translation” on translatio, substituting their respective Slavic or Germanic root words for the Latin roots.[7][8][a][9].
Translation Theory
What is translation To understand translation in an immediately accessible form, one might start with George Steiner’s statement from his study of translation After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation: “All acts of communication are acts of translation.” According to George Stainer, translation is not an isolated phenomenon, but rather a basic anthropological activity implicit in every act of our communication. (Steiner 1975/1992: xii; cf. also 49). In an extended sense, one can say that we are all constantly engaged in some form of a translation process. Our speech, our perceptions, our ideas, and our interpretations are all products of a complex translation dyn
” Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text.[1] The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between translating (a written text) and interpreting (oral or signed communication between users of different languages); under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community. “
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