Reasoning

1 Introduction Words have power. Words have a context. Words could be understood differently, depending on the on the situation where the dialogue has taken place: the atmosphere, the context...

Introduction The internet, as we know it, is a vast ocean of information. But much of this information is locked away in silos – databases, documents, and websites independently existing....

Introduction In today’s digital world, we are drowning in data. From social media posts to scientific research, vast amounts of information are constantly being generated. However, this data often exists...

Introduction In natural language processing (NLP), taxonomy, ontology, and knowledge graphs play critical roles in enabling machines to understand, categorize, and derive meaning from human language. These frameworks help structure...

Introduction Conversational analysis provides valuable insights into how people navigate and make sense of social interactions through language. It has been employed in a range of disciplines and fields sociology, linguistics,...

Introduction Glossary standardization and the use of synonyms in the Arabic language present unique challenges and opportunities, especially in fields like translation, localization, and knowledge management. Arabic is a rich...

Introduction Metadata – referred to as the data that describes other data – is the information we create, store, and share to describe things. It allows us to interact with...

What is Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence is a branch of computer science that enables a computer to think or act in a ‘human’ way, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning...

Preamble Part-of-speech (POS) tagging is the process of marking up words in a text with their corresponding part of speech based on their definition and context. For Arabic, POS tagging...

Introduction VADER (Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner) is a sentiment analysis tool specifically attuned to sentiments expressed in social media. It is sensitive to both polarity (positive/negative) and intensity...

Introduction The Internet is a space without borders. It allows people to connect and discover new things and new products in other parts of the world, read about other cultures...

Translation studies is an academic interdiscipline dealing with the systematic study of the theory, description and application of translation, interpreting, and localization. As an interdiscipline, translation studies borrows much from the various fields of study that...

Introduction Rule Based POS Tagging One of the oldest techniques of tagging is rule-based POS tagging. Rule-based taggers use a dictionary or lexicon for getting possible tags for each word....

1. Introduction Managers who work internationally recognize that failure to take into account the specific characteristics of the local operating environments, notably the official language and cultural differences, can have...

Introduction The semantic web refers to the next stage in the development of the world wide web. In what is known as Web 3.0, information is no longer just linked,...